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Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines _ as objectively as possible. A. another person's consciousness* B. her own conscious experience C. her own subconscious experience D. the social construction of consciousness Difficulty: Easy APA Standard...7 sample answers to "Describe a situation in which you were able to use persuasion to successfully convince someone" interview question. In my last job of a warehouse supervisor I tried to convince the logistics manager to change the organization of the entire warehouse."refers to a value, but is being used as a type here." when returning React Functional Component (self.typescript). But its giving me an error for <TextMessage /> saying 'TextMessage' refers to a value, but is being used as a type here. What am I doing wrong?Chapter 1 Psychology Foundations 1. Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines _ as objectively as possible. A. another person's consciousness B. her own conscious experience C. her own subconscious experience D. the social construction of...Refer to the scenario below to answer the following questions. The Attic Trunk began in 1979 as an Alternative evaluation is the process by which people select, organize, and interpret information to For example, someone with a sophisticated personality might be attracted to a more sophisticated...

Describe a situation in which you used persuasion to convince...

When you choose the avoidance option, you're closing off any possibility that the risk will pose a threat to your enterprise. When thinking about reducing the risk, the actions could be as simple as making a tweak to a process flow or as complex as introducing a new software to automate a process to...Refer to the exhibit. A cybersecurity analyst is using Sguil to verify security alerts. How is the current view sorted? Examination - assessing and extracting relevant information from the collected data. This may involve decompression or decryption of the data.Communications is fundamental to the existence and survival of humans as well as to an organization. Communications is a continuous process which mainly involves three elements viz. sender, message, and receiver. The elements involved in the communication process are explained...Phraseological units are word-groups that cannot be made in the process of speech, they exist in the to look a gift horse in the mouth - to examine a present too critically; to find fault with something one Hence, if one accepts nomination as a criterion of referring or not referring this or that unit to...

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Scientific ethics now refers to a standard of conduct for scientists that is generally delineated into two Ethics of methods and process. Figure 2: A common transistor, for which Jan Hendrick Schön The importance and consequences of integrity in the process of science are examined in detail.Implicit in this process is management's choice of a level of residual risk that it will live with, a level that varies among organizations. For example, information is assigned to an "owner" (or guardian), who controls access to it.3 Such security mechanisms are capable of dealing with many situations but are...This chapter presents the RM process from the point of view of created requirements and documents. The word "It" in the second sentence refers to the previous requirement. Sometimes it is possible to resolve the conflict by analyzing the conditions under which the requirement takes place.Decision making and problem solving are ongoing processes of evaluating. The entire decision-making process is dependent upon the right information being available to the right people at the right times.Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to Behavior is the result of stimulus-response (i.e., all behavior, no matter how complex, can be reduced to a simple stimulus - response features).

OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Critical considering is ________. A. applying a set of abilities to to find information about a debatable topic *B. making use of a set of talents to understand and evaluation knowledge C. applying information to understand and evaluate social phenomena D. reviewing data at the Internet to expand a essential opinion on it Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1 2. Which of the following defines hypothesis? A. concept that proves a principle B. approach of explaining social phenomena *C. tentative rationalization D. manner of having a look on the global Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.4 3. Psychology refers to the ________. A. empirical learn about of humanity B. experimental study of individuals *C. medical learn about of the mind D. systematic learn about of human interplay Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1 4. Which of the next refers to a large explanation or workforce of explanations for some aspect of the wildlife that is consistently supported by proof through the years? A. -ology B. hypothesis C. pseudoscience *D. scientific concept Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.4 Page 1 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology 5. Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically find out about ________. A. handiest habits B. handiest the mind *C. the thoughts and behaviour D. the soul, the thoughts, and behaviour Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1 6. The empirical approach of study is in line with ________. A. guesswork *B. observation C. follow D. statistics Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 2.4 7. When used to be psychology accredited as an educational self-discipline? A. 1600s B. 1700s *C. 1800s D. 1900sDifficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 8. What is a PsyD? A. Doctor of Philosophy B. Doctor of Psychiatry C. Doctor of Psychoanalysis *D. Doctor of Psychology Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 5.5 9. Who was once the first individual referred to as a psychologist? A. Wolfgang Köhler B. Sigmund Freud *C. Wilhelm Wundt D. William James Page 2 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.5 10. Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible. A. someone else's consciousness* B. her personal aware enjoy C. her own subconscious enjoy D. the social development of consciousness Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3 11. William James was the ________. A. creator of the primary psychology textbook B. father of psychology *C. first American psychologist D. first psychoanalyst Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 12. Psychoanalytic principle specializes in ________ and early childhood experiences. A. a individual's awareness *B. a person's unconscious C. fetal construction D. sexual id Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 13. According to William James, the aim of psychology was once to ________. A. interpret desires B. manipulate human behavior *C. learn about the function of behavior D. study the structure and traits of the mind Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 14. Which of the next psychologists used to be a behaviorist? Page 3 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology *A. John Watson B. Sigmund Freud C. Wilhelm Wundt D. William James Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 15. Behaviorists study ________. A. a person's unconscious mind B. chemical and hormonal adjustments C. dreams *D. realized behavior Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 16. A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the topic from the external surroundings. A. gestaltlaten B. isolate *C. Skinner box D. Watson manipulator Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.4 17. ________ is a viewpoint within psychology that emphasizes the potential for just right that is innate to all people. A. behaviorism B. gestalt *C. humanism D. structuralism Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 18. What is Abraham Maslow best known for? A. classical conditioning B. dream research *C. proposing a hierarchy of human wishes in motivating conduct D. learning the influence of reinforcement and punishment on conduct Page Four of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 19. Who started the feminist revolution in psychology? A. Anna Freud B. Bruno Bettelheim *C. Naomi Weisstein D. Sigmund Freud Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 20. Who was the primary African American to obtain a PhD in psychology in the United States? A. Carl Rogers *B. Francis Cecil Sumner C. Naomi Weisstein D. Noam Chomsky Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 21. Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the idea of evolution? A. After numerous hypotheses were developed by Charles Darwin, they had been gathered in combination into a principle. B. Contemporary scientists do not settle for it as a viable means of taking a look at the global. C. Evolution handiest works theoretically. *D. It is the most efficient understanding that we have got of that part of the wildlife. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1 22. Which aspect of the scientific means happens first? A. knowledge collection B. experiment *C. speculation D. remark Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.4 23. For a scientific clarification to be testable, it will have to even be ________. Page Five of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology A. mindful and subconscious B. experimental and provable C. hypothesized and theoretical *D. perceivable and measurable Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.4 24. Which of the following exemplifies the empirical way? A. A pupil in a psychology elegance writes his term paper on whether or not or no longer fish feel pain. B. A scholar writes a letter to his professor requesting a change in path coverage. C. Dr. Hysock-Witham comes to a decision to get started her path later because such a lot of students arrive overdue. *D. Dr. Sarkeesian observes and data how looking at cartoons influences center charges. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 2.4 25. Char heard from her buddies that marijuana use can treatment glaucoma so it should be criminal in all 50 states. Char knows that she is biased in desire of marijuana legalization, so she comes to a decision to workout some skepticism about this claim. She researches where her pals were given their knowledge, how reliable it is, and what other sources say about legalizing marijuana. Char is ________. A. performing unconsciously B. hypothesizing C. theorizing *D. thinking severely Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4 26. Guillermo spends some time on a daily basis applying the rules of structuralism to read about his own conscious experience as sparsely as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________. A. behaviorism B. client-centered treatment *C. introspection D. psychoanalysis Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3 27. Functionalist psychologists focus at the function of habits and ________. A. explaining the unconscious Page 6 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology B. the operation of particular person portions of the thoughts *C. the operation of the whole thoughts relatively than the individual parts D. working out the id, ego, and superego Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 28. Which of the next is an instance of an objective measure used by functionalists? *A. examination of anatomy and body structure B. exculpation C. extrospection D. interviews Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.4 29. Dr. Bogdarian spotted that one among her students addresses her with the word mother as an alternative of the word professor or doctor. Dr. Bogdarian applies the foundations of ________, and hypothesizes the coed misspeaks as a result of he's unconsciously associating her along with his mother. A. functionalism B. Gestalt psychology *C. psychoanalytic principle D. structuralism Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 30. A chain of dots organized within the shape of a face might be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist learning this phenomenon is making use of the principals of ________. *A. Gestalt psychology B. humanism C. psychoanalytic idea D. structuralism Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 31. I provide Ralph with the certain reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does one thing I don't like. I am making use of the foundations of ________ in an strive to adjust Ralph's conduct. A. classical conditioning B. functionalism Page 7 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology C. humanism *D. operant conditioning Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 32. In Maslow's hierarchy of wishes, the ________ come with food, water, and safe haven. *A. basic survival wishes B. comfort objects C. higher-level wishes D. desires Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 33. Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard part of clientcentered remedy? *A. Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her means, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment. B. Boris tells his therapist that that he needs more potent medicine and his therapist prescribes it. C. Natasha is overdue for her remedy session and her therapist believes she did this as a result of she unconsciously dislikes therapy. D. Xavier receives a hug from the physician when he arrives on time; he does no longer get a hug when he arrives late. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 34. Marta is pursuing a graduate level in psychology. As part of her program she must write a long research paper in line with the data she spent the ultimate yr collecting. What is the lengthy research paper called? *A. dissertation B. PhD C. postdoctoral D. PsyD Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 5.5 35. Penelope research how the construction and serve as of the fearful gadget is expounded to conduct. She is a ________. *A. biopsychologist Page Eight of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology B. developmental psychologist C. humanist D. social psychologist Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 36. Peter is keen on pursuing a ________ training program with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after he receives his PhD, which will permit him to additional develop his examine on adolescent suicide and increase his research talents underneath the supervision of CDC researchers. A. industrial B. scientific *C. postdoctoral D. predoctoral Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 5.5 37. The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to center of attention their consideration on better figuring out ________. A. emotions and cultural norms that underlie emotional responses B. genetics and the evolutionary variations that underlie behavior C. stimulus-response and the instincts that underlie human reaction to pain *D. the mind and psychological processes that underlie habits Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 38. Lucy wants to find out about adjustments in cognitive abilities, ethical reasoning, and social conduct throughout the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology. A. cognitive *B. developmental C. persona D. social Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 39. If you display an grownup a toy, and then disguise it at the back of a curtain, the grownup is aware of that the toy nonetheless exists. However, babies act as if a hidden object now not exists. What does this exemplify? A. article blindness Page 9 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology B. developmental idea *C. object permanence D. perpetuation Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.1 40. Cognitive psychology makes a speciality of learning ________. A. genetics and the impact of genetics on conduct B. sensation and the impact of culture on perception C. the effect of gender, race, and class on habits *D. thoughts and their dating to our reviews and our actions Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 41. Which roughly mental space does the paintings of Jean Piaget exemplify? A. biopsychology *B. developmental psychology C. personality psychology D. sensation and belief Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 42. Which theorist revealed study linked to the psychology of character? A. Charles Darwin B. Jean Piaget C. Noam Chomsky *D. Sigmund Freud Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 43. In the learn about of character, the ________ fashion comprises dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion. A. H.O.P.E.S. B. Either-Or C. Fifth Dimension *D. Five Factor Difficulty: Moderate Page 10 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 44. When finding out character characteristics, someone who's practical, conventional, and prefers regimen will rating low at the ________ trait. A. agreeableness B. extroversion C. neuroticism *D. openness Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 45. Edmund wants to identify slightly consistent patterns of thought and behaviour, measure those characteristics, and determine how those traits engage in a particular context to decide how a particular person will behave in any given scenario. Edmund desires to conduct research within the area of ________. A. cognition B. perception *C. character D. social psychology Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 46. When finding out character characteristics, someone who is hardworking, unswerving, and organized will ranking top on the ________ trait. A. agreeableness *B. conscientiousness C. extroversion D. neuroticism Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 47. Susan desires to learn about prejudice, attraction, how we give an explanation for our personal behavior versus how we explain the habits of others, and the way we get to the bottom of interpersonal conflicts. Susan will have to habits research in the space of ________. A. Gestalt psychology B. persona C. psychoanalysis *D. social psychology Page 11 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 48. When studying character traits, someone who's quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait. A. agreeableness *B. extroversion C. neuroticism D. openness Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 49. Select the appropriately ordered listing of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist indexed first. A. Noam Chomsky, Sigmund Freud, Wilhelm Wundt B. Noam Chomsky, Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud C. Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky, Wilhelm Wundt *D. Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 50. Behaviorism specializes in making psychology an purpose science by ________. A. learning how emotional responses affect behavior whilst deemphasizing the significance of the unconscious B. learning implicit motivations for conduct through the usage of implicit affiliation exams *C. finding out overt habits and deemphasizing the significance of unobservable psychological processes D. learning the genetic foundation for behavior and theorizing how instincts affect conduct Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 51. Oona needs to habits study on group of workers control, administrative center environment, and what form of surroundings leads to high levels of employee productivity and potency. Oona must conduct research in the house of ________ psychology. A. biological B. Gestalt *C. industrial-organizational D. social Page 12 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 52. When finding out personality characteristics, someone who's calm, even-tempered, and secure will ranking low at the ________ trait. A. agreeableness B. conscientiousness *C. neuroticism D. openness Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 53. Which of the following is an instance of research someone may conduct in the house of fitness psychology? A. how the age of a leader impacts the productivity of the gang B. what character characteristics are present extra often in males in comparison to ladies C. whether or not culture influences belief *D. whether or not folks operating at a desk are more likely to be overweight Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 54. What is the number 1 occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology? A. human resources B. advertising and marketing *C. mid- and top-level control D. social work Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 5.5 55. Which theorist had probably the most affect in shaping how clinicians engage with people in the hunt for psychotherapy? A. Abraham Maslow *B. Carl Rogers C. Wilhelm Wundt D. William James Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 Page Thirteen of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology 56. Ashya needs to focus on the analysis and remedy of mental disorders and different problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in? *A. medical psychology B. cognitive psychology C. organizational psychology D. social psychology Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 57. Which roughly psychologist could be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation? A. cognitive B. counseling *C. forensic D. legal Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 58. Naghemeh wants to center of attention on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related results of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which house of psychology will have to she paintings in? A. biopsychology B. scientific psychology *C. counseling psychology D. wellness psychology Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 59. When finding out character characteristics, someone who is beneficial, trusting, and empathetic will ranking top on the ________ trait. *A. agreeableness B. conscientiousness C. neuroticism D. openness Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 Page 14 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology 60. Select the appropriately ordered list of psychological views, with the earliest standpoint listed first. A. humanism, behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism B. humanism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism *C. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism D. structuralism, functionalism, humanism, behaviorism Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 61. Which of the next isn't fascinated by essential thinking? *A. understanding your opinion is proper B. keeping up an attitude of skepticism C. applying logical considering D. recognizing inside biases Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 62. What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in not unusual? A. They were all fascinated about describing and understanding animal behavior. *B. They have been all excited about describing and working out the internal experience. C. They had been all excited by diagnosing and treating female psychosis. D. They have been all serious about the character of evil right through the Nazi regime. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 63. Why is psychology thought to be a social science? A. Because psychologists find out about groups and the way groups engage. B. Because psychology isn't considered a arduous science. *C. Behavior is organic, and our habits is influenced by our interactions with others. D. Behavior is unpredictable, so scientists study it. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1 64. Which of the next isn't part of feminist psychology? A. discovering the contributions of women to psychology *B. favoring women over men C. wondering the follow of science itself when it's male biased Page 15 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology D. learning mental gender differences Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 65. Which of the following is a complaint of structuralism? A. Scientific tools were not delicate enough to measure exact response times. B. Structuralism was parsimonious. *C. The process was once highly subjective. D. Wilhelm Wundt falsified his effects. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 66. According to Sigmund Freud, the entire following constitute tactics to get admission to the subconscious thoughts aside from thru ________. A. dream analysis B. exam of the first words that come to someone's thoughts C. apparently innocent slips of the tongue *D. using reinforcement and punishment Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 67. Which of the next is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not change into more fashionable in the United States? A. European psychology is not as rigorous as American psychology. B. The proponents were Nazis. *C. The upward thrust of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology. D. The theories were not according to measurable knowledge. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 68. Behaviorists all focal point on ________. A. particular person attitudes *B. physiological responses that result in motion C. the internal motivation for action D. the unconscious Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 Page 16 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology 69. What will have to be changed to make the next commentary true? Jean Piaget is known for his theories relating to changes in emotional talent that happen as we move from infancy to adulthood. *A. The phrase "emotional" should be changed to the phrase "cognitive." B. The phrase "well-known" will have to be modified to the phrase "notorious." C. The phrase "infancy" must be changed to the word "formative years." D. The name "Jean Piaget" will have to be changed to "Abraham Maslow." Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 70. Which of the next exemplifies a character trait? A. Greg eats a cupcake. *B. Ida is fascinating. C. James has blue eyes. D. Marsha has three youngsters. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1 71. Which of the following does now not influence perception? *A. Gestalt B. cultural background C. earlier stories D. where we focal point our consideration Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1 72. In a find out about of mate desire differences between women and men that spanned 37 cultures, Buss (1989) found that males value youthful appearance more than women. Why? A. Men are extra sexually responsive with younger girls. B. Men want to display their buddies as a trophy. C. Women aren't as superficial as males. *D. Youthful seems provide fertility clues. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 2.2 73. What will have to be modified to make the next sentence true? Humanism makes a speciality of the possible of all people for evil. Page 17 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology *A. The word "evil" will have to be changed to the phrase "excellent." B. The word "other folks" should be changed to the word "kids." C. The word "folks" should be changed to the phrase "groups." D. The word "attainable" will have to be changed to the phrase "use." Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 74. In developmental psychology, there is an expanding pastime in researching cognitive adjustments that occur later in lifestyles. Why? A. The elderly are contracting extra cognitive sicknesses. B. People in evolved international locations revere the elderly. *C. Populations of advanced international locations reside longer. D. Populations of creating nations are death quicker. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 75. What do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, game and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and medical psychology all have in commonplace? A. Job expansion is largest in those fields. B. They all center of attention on groups as an alternative of people. C. They are all spaces of psychology that advanced in the 19th century. *D. They are all examples of applied psychology. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 76. According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health? A. making use of organic principles to the psychology of a wholesome social lifestyles *B. interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors C. essentially biology; person psychology and social factors are from time to time related D. successful application of biopsychological ideas to social lifestyles Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 77. What should be modified to make the following sentence true? Sigmund Freud believed that working out the unconscious mind was once critical to perceive unconscious habits. A. The title "Sigmund Freud" must be changed to "Wilhelm Wundt." *B. The phrase "subconscious" will have to be changed to the word "aware." Page 18 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology C. The phrase "subconscious" to the word "conscious." D. The word "perceive" will have to be changed to the phrase "believing." Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 78. What was the main conclusion of Stanley Milgram's obedience study? *A. Average people will harm others if informed to accomplish that by an expert determine. B. Everyday habits may also be defined by instincts developed in our ancestral population. C. Our moms have an enormous impact on our personality. D. What we sense and what we perceive range according to culture, race, and gender. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 79. Which of the next is a feminist grievance of the science of psychology? *A. Male bias exists in science. B. Male psychologists suppose that their results don't follow to ladies. C. Male psychologists don't pay sufficient attention to relationships. D. Male psychologists emphasize goal knowledge over subjective knowledge. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 80. Which of the next is a complaint of evolutionary psychology? *A. It ignores non-genetic factors in determining human behavior. B. It is straightforward to disprove theories evolved by evolutionary psychologists. C. It puts an excessive amount of emphasis on genetic components in determining human conduct. D. There are not any female evolutionary psychologists. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.4 Short Answer 81. Why did behaviorists often use animals in their experiments? Sample Answer: Behaviorists often used animals in experiments under the assumption that what was learned the use of animal fashions could, to some degree, be implemented to human conduct. Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 Page 19 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology 82. What three options are central to Carl Rogers's client-centered remedy? Sample Answer: Carl Rogers believed that a therapist wanted to display three features to maximize the effectiveness of the client-centered way: unconditional certain regard, genuineness, and empathy. Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 83. Who is Noam Chomsky? Sample Answer: Noam Chomsky is an American linguist. He was disenchanted with the influence that behaviorism had had on psychology. He believed that psychology's focal point on conduct was once short-sighted, and the sector had to re-incorporate mental functioning into its purview if it were to be offering any significant contributions to figuring out behavior. Chomsky was very influential in starting the cognitive revolution. Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 84. List some facts about the American Psychological Association. Sample Answer: The American Psychological Association (APA) is a professional group that represents psychologists in the United States. The APA is the most important organization of psychologists in the world, and its challenge is to advance and disseminate mental knowledge for the betterment of other folks. There are 56 divisions inside the APA. Members, associate participants, and associate participants span the spectrum from students to doctoral-level psychologists; they arrive from a variety of places including instructional settings, criminal justice, hospitals, the defense force, and business. Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1 85. Identify the important topics in mental study carried out by African Americans such as Francis Cecil Sumner. Sample Answer: Much of the work of early African American psychologists (and a common focal point of a lot work in first half of the 20 th century in psychology within the United States) used to be devoted to trying out and intelligence trying out specifically. Other areas of exploration in African American psychology research include finding out taste, sense of community and belonging, and spiritualism. Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.5 86. Describe Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment. Page 20 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology Sample Answer: Pavlov studied a form of studying behavior called a conditioned reflex: An animal or human produced a reflex (unconscious) response to a stimulus and, through the years, was conditioned to produce the response to a other stimulus that the experimenter associated with the original stimulus. The reflex Pavlov labored with was salivating in reaction to the presence of food. The salivation reflex could be elicited using a 2d stimulus, such as a particular sound, that was once presented in affiliation with the preliminary meals stimulus a number of times. Once the response to the second stimulus was once realized, the food stimulus might be overlooked. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 87. How did B. F. Skinner study the effect of reinforcement and punishment on habits? Sample Answer: B. F. Skinner created the Skinner box, which is an operant conditioning chamber that isolates the topic from the external setting and has a behavior indicator (e.g., a lever or a button). When the animal (i.e., the subject) pushes the button or lever, the box is ready to deliver a sure reinforcement of the behavior (e.g., food) or a punishment (e.g., a noise) or a token conditioner (e.g., a light) that is correlated with either the certain reinforcement or punishment. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 88. Explain what Sigmund Freud believed to be the cause of human behavior as opposed to what behaviorists believe. Sample Answer: According to Sigmund Freud, all movements are driven by the subconscious, while behaviorists consider human conduct is entirely determined by a combination of genetics and surroundings. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 89. Compare behaviorists and humanists. Sample Answer: Behaviorists emphasize objectivity and concentrate on exterior habits. The early paintings of the humanistic psychologists focused at the particular person human as a complete—as a aware and self-aware being. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 90. What is the Association for Psychological Science (APS) and why used to be it based? Sample Answer: The Association for Psychological Science (APS) was once founded in 1988 and seeks to advance the clinical orientation of psychology. This crew was once created as a result of Page 21 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology disagreements between contributors of the clinical and scientific branches of psychology throughout the American Psychological Association (APA). Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1 91. Apply evolutionary psychology to provide an explanation for why a kid may well be scared of snakes the primary time she encounters one. Sample Answer: A child who's fearful of snakes with out ever having been bitten or noticed someone bitten by a snake, could be exhibiting an instinctive fear that evolved over the years in the human population. In early human historical past, people who were unafraid of snakes most definitely have been fatally bitten more incessantly, so humans that have been scared of snakes survived long sufficient to move alongside their genetic predispositions. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 92. Why are the 5 trait dimensions in the Five Factor model used to account for personality variation? Sample Answer: The dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion are used to account for personality variation because they have got been demonstrated to be relatively strong over the lifespan, and they are influenced by genetics. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 93. Stanley Milgram and many different psychologists practiced deception in their research. What have an effect on did this have at the ethical tips followed by psychologists? Sample Answer: Stanley Milgram's and others' research that concerned deception and possible emotional harm to learn about contributors catalyzed the advance of moral pointers for engaging in mental research. The ethical guidelines discourage the use of deception with study topics, until it can be argued that the deception is not going to cause harm. The pointers also require obtaining knowledgeable consent of contributors. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 3.1 94. Describe and exemplify forensic psychology. Sample Answer: Forensic psychology is a branch of psychology that handles questions of psychology as they stand up within the context of the justice device. For example, forensic psychologists (and forensic psychiatrists) will assess a particular person's competency to stand trial, assess the state of thoughts of a defendant, act as consultants on kid custody cases, seek the advice of on sentencing and Page 22 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology remedy suggestions, and advise on problems such as eyewitness testimony and youngsters's testimony. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 95. How is a PsyD other from a PhD? Sample Answer: Doctor of psychology (PsyD) techniques generally place less emphasis on research-oriented abilities and center of attention more on application of mental ideas within the medical context. You would download a PhD to work in an academic atmosphere, however you may go for a PsyD to paintings outside of an academic setting. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 5.5 96. Why would someone select to paintings as an accessory teacher rather than a professor? Sample Answer: Adjunct faculty participants and instructors generally have a complicated degree in psychology, however they'll have a primary profession outdoor academia and paintings as adjunct faculty as a secondary job. Alternatively, they won't hold the doctoral level required by most four-year institutions and use those opportunities to acquire experience in educating. Finally, they are going to need a full-time position as a professor but are not able to in finding one. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 5.5 97. Javed simply earned his PhD in psychology. He is thinking about pursuing a postdoctoral program. What are the advantages of doing so? Sample Answer: A postdoctoral training program would allow Javed to additional expand his research program and broaden his study abilities underneath the supervision of other pros in the sphere. Through postdoctoral coaching, Javed can develop professional contacts that would possibly lead to a task, and it is going to look good on his résumé/curriculum vitae. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 5.5 98. What is required to pursue a occupation as a licensed scientific psychologist? Sample Answer: Those who want to pursue a occupation as a clinical psychologist will need either a PhD or a PsyD. In most states, those wishing to apply as a authorized medical or counseling psychologist might whole postdoctoral work below the supervision of a approved psychologist— regardless of the level earned: PhD or PsyD. After the state necessities are met, their credentials are evaluated to decide whether or not they may be able to take a seat for the licensure examination. Those who move this exam are authorized medical or counseling psychologists. Page 23 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 5.5 99. Compare and contrast the process of psychiatrist with that of a licensed clinical psychologist. Sample Answer: Clinical psychologists and psychiatrists do various things and receive different varieties of training. While both can habits therapy and counseling, medical psychologists have a PhD or a PsyD, and psychiatrists have a doctor of drugs stage (MD). As such, authorized scientific psychologists can administer and interpret mental tests, while psychiatrists can prescribe medications. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 5.5 100. What form of job are you able to get with a master's stage in psychology? Sample Answer: With a master's degree in psychology, an individual can pursue a profession in skilled counseling or sport psychology, as a college psychologist, as a guide in quite a lot of industrial settings, or as an accessory professor. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 5.5 101. Compare and contrast structuralism and functionalism. Sample Answer: While structuralism excited by working out the mindful enjoy, functionalism excited about how psychological activities helped an organism adapt to its surroundings. Wilhelm Wundt, a structuralist theorist, believed that our cognitive revel in was once very best understood by breaking that experience into its part portions using introspection. William James used to be a functionalist: Functionalism enthusiastic about how mental activities served as adaptive responses to an organism's surroundings. Like Wundt, James also relied on introspection; then again, James's study manner additionally incorporated more function measures. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 102. What made the use of introspection by Wilhelm Wundt scientifically rigorous? Sample Answer: Wilhelm Wundt's model of introspection used only very specific experimental stipulations in which an exterior stimulus was designed to produce a scientifically observable (i.e., repeatable) enjoy of the thoughts. The first stringent requirement was once using educated or practiced observers who could immediately practice and report a response. The 2d requirement was once using repeatable stimuli that at all times produced the similar experience in the subject that allowed the subject to be expecting and thus be absolutely attentive to her inner response. These experimental requirements have been put in position to eliminate interpretation within the reporting of Page 24 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology inside reports and to counter the argument that there is no method to know that an individual is watching her mind or awareness correctly, because it can't be seen by any other particular person. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 2.4 103. Sigmund Freud's concepts are regularly criticized. How does Drew Westen defend Freud's ideas? Sample Answer: Drew Westen argues that most of the criticisms of Sigmund Freud's concepts are misplaced: They assault his older concepts without making an allowance for later writings. Westen also argues that critics fail to believe the luck of the large ideas that Freud introduced or developed, such as the significance of childhood experiences in adult motivations, the position of subconscious as opposed to conscious motivations in using our behavior, the truth that motivations can reason conflicts that affect conduct, the consequences of mental representations of ourselves and others in guiding our interactions, and the improvement of persona through the years. Westen identifies next research enhance for all of these concepts. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 104. Discuss some feminist critiques of early psychological approaches. Sample Answer: The dominant affect of Western, White, and male academics within the early history of psychology meant that psychology evolved with the biases inherent in the ones folks, which ceaselessly had unfavorable penalties for participants of society that were not White or male. Individuals who weren't White, male heterosexuals had difficulties entering the sphere of psychology and due to this fact influenced its development. They also suffered from the attitudes of White, male psychologists that marginalized them. Few women had been in a position to practice psychology, so they'd little influence on what was once studied. In addition, the experimental subjects of psychology had been mostly men, so early psychological approaches could no longer properly generalize to all of the population. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.5 105. Identify a bonus cross-cultural psychology has over traditional mental approaches. Sample Answer: Culture has necessary affects on people and social psychology, yet the effects of tradition on psychology have not been studied sufficiently. There is a risk that psychological theories and information derived from White, American settings might be assumed to apply to individuals and social groups from different cultures—that is most probably to be false. Crosscultural psychology addresses this attainable issue by addressing the impact of tradition on individual and social psychology. Difficulty: Difficult Page 25 of 26 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.5, 3.3 106. Identify a primary grievance of evolutionary psychology. Sample Answer: The traits that we possess now developed underneath environmental and social conditions some distance back in human history, and we've got a poor working out of what the ones prerequisites have been. Therefore, predictions about what is adaptive for a habits are tricky. Behavioral characteristics would not have to be adaptive under present conditions; rather, they were adaptive below the conditions of the previous when they evolved, about which we will be able to best hypothesize. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 Essay 107. If you had been pursuing a career in psychology would you somewhat work at a college or out of doors an educational surroundings? Explain. Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 4.1, 5.5 108. Do you consider psychologists make a distinction is people's lives? Explain. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.3, 4.1, 5.1 109. Describe some main advantages and drawbacks of majoring in psychology. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 4.1, 5.5 110. Do you assume you might want to successfully use Carl Rogers's client-centered remedy to treat a rapist or assassin? Explain. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2, 4.1 Copyright 2015, Rice University. All Rights Reserved. Page 26 of 26